Algebraic Geometry

Abstract

There are, algebraically speaking, three fundamental operations in arithmetic: 1) Addition and subtraction, 2) Multiplication and division, 3) finding powers and roots. Subtraction is actually negative addition; division is multiplication by the reciprocal of the divisor; and a root is a fractional power. If finding a power is considered as repeated multiplication, and if multiplication is considered as repeated addition, all operations may be reduced to a single basic one, which is addition. In turn, addition may be considered as merely a counting operation; this fact is the basis of electronic computation in modern digital machines. The graphic combination of the various arithmetic operations and their extension to graphic algebra will be the main topic. Each arithmetic operation can be represented graphically. The use of graphical arithmetic in itself is of relatively little importance. However when graphical arithmetic is applied to obtain an approximate solution to an algebraic equation, the topic can become very useful. Before the applications are considered, each of the arithmetic operations will be taken up separately