Globalization and the development of trade and silk road e-commerce: opportunities and bottlenecks

Abstract

Amid profound transformations in globalization and the rapid rise of the digital economy, cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a key driver of international trade. In particular, under the continuous advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Silk Road E-commerce – as a novel trade model – has demonstrated strong growth momentum. However, geopolitical tensions, technological barriers, and institutional uncertainties pose significant challenges to its further development. This paper systematically reviews the development trajectory and current bottlenecks of Silk Road E-commerce, considering China’s evolving role in the global economic and trade landscape. It examines the strategic importance of Silk Road E-commerce in optimizing trade structures, enhancing supply chain resilience, and promoting regional cooperation. Based on this analysis, the study proposes policy recommendations such as establishing inclusive digital trade rules, improving cross-border regulatory coordination mechanisms, and encouraging platform enterprises to “go global.” These suggestions aim to provide theoretical support and practical insights for promoting sustainable and high-quality development of trade and cross-border e-commerce in China under the new circumstances.