Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Science: Path to Legal Integration

Abstract

This article explores the transformative yet complex role of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern forensic science. From enhancing image analysis and biometric identification to automating DNA profiling and crime scene reconstruction, AI offers unprecedented advancements in forensic efficiency and accuracy. However, its integration into legal proceedings raises significant challenges, particularly concerning the admissibility, reliability, and explainability of AI-generated evidence. The article examines recent scholarly contributions and government responses—including U.S. Department of Justice guidance—highlighting issues such as deepfakes, data quality, algorithmic bias, and the lack of legal frameworks. It argues that while AI should not replace human experts, it can serve as a valuable support tool, provided that robust standards, oversight mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks are established to ensure scientific integrity and protect due process