Q-ball stress stability criterion in U (1) gauged scalar theories

Abstract

We study the energy-momentum tensor of the spherically symmetric U(1) gauged Q-ball configurations in the two-component Fridberg-Lee-Sirlin-Maxwell model, and in the one-component scalar model with a sextic potential. We evaluate the distributions of the corresponding shear forces and pressure and study the stability criteria for these solutions. We present the results of numerical simulations in both models, explicitly demonstrating that the electrostatic repulsion may destabilize the U(1) gauged Q-balls. However, in the limiting case of the Fridberg-Lee-Sirlin-Maxwell model with a long ranged real scalar component, the gauged Q-balls always remain stable. © 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.