Подходы к государственному регулированию миграции рабочей силы

Abstract

Labour migration is a reflection of social and economic processes in the society. The scope, dynamics and orientation of any migration systematically vary both as to import and export. The work gives an analysis of migrants’ flow to the Republic of Belarus and also presents a geographical review of labour flows from Belarus to other countries including their profession structure. Official employment figures (labour contracts in force) are merely the tip of the iceberg as the majority of labour migrants immigrating into the CIS countries work there without an official permit and those immigrating to other countries get tourist visas and find jobs themselves. In the late 1990s student migration — a new kind of job migration — appeared due to the intensification of operations of certain companies dealing in employment of Belarusian students abroad during summer vacations (in the USA and some countries of Western Europe: Great Britain, Norway, Ireland). Intellectual migration takes a special place in labour migration. Liberalization of immigration and entrance regimes, abandoning of the “closed” scientific communities brought about an increase of academic trips and attachment projects of scientists, university teachers and postgraduates to universities abroad and of students study programmes at foreign universities and research centres. Global experience proves that such temporary visits abroad in some cases could be treated as the first step for a specialist to leave in future for permanent residence abroad. In other words, temporary intellectual visits may lead in future to the phenomenon called the “brain drain”. The author believes that the state as an economic regulator of labour migration has to determine the aims and national priorities and to develop the mechanism of management of these processes as well as to choose regulators providing the systemic effect.