Nanoscale electromagnetic compatibility: Quantum coupling and matching in nanocircuits

Abstract

The paper investigates two typical electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems, namely, coupling and matching in nanoscale circuits composed of nano-interconnects and quantum devices in entangled state. Nano-interconnects under consideration are implemented by using carbon nanotubes ormetallic nanowires (NWs), while quantum devices by semiconductor quantum dots. Equivalent circuits of such nanocircuits contain additional elements arising at nanoscale due to quantum effects. As a result, the notions of coupling and impedance matching are reconsidered. Two examples are studied: in the first one, electromagnetically coupled NWs are connected to classical lumped devices; in the second one, electromagnetically uncoupled transmission lines are terminated on quantum devices in entangled states. In both circuits, the EMC features qualitatively and quantitatively differ from their classical analogs. In the second example, we demonstrate the existence of quantum coupling, due to the entanglement, which exists in spite of the absence of classical electromagnetic coupling. The entanglement also modifies the matching condition introducing a dependence of the optimal value of load impedance on the line length.