A Raman Spectroscopic Study of Thymoquinone Antitumor Action

Abstract

Fluorescence assay and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the mechanisms of action of 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (thymoquinone) on HEp-2 human larynx carcinoma cells. Thymoquinone was found to have a more pronounced toxic effect than 1,4-benzoquinone and 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The action of thymoquinone leads to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, indicating activation of apoptosis of tumor cells through the mitochondrial-mediated pathway. These results indicate the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy in the study of programmed cell death.