Preparation and investigation of the heterogeneous systems, containing highly dispersed components

Abstract

The results of the investigation of the different materials containing highly dispersed substances are reported. The following materials, in-cluding colloidal, supported and fibrous regulators of intraballistic char-acteristics of composite solid propellents; X-ray contrast neutron-capturing magnetic liquid for radiation examinations, neutron-capture therapy of malignant neoplasms and X-ray diagnostics; magnetoabrasive tools combining high magnetic, cutting and abrasive characteristics; magnetic sorbents for the purification of the waste water of the industrial enterprises; antifriction and antiwear additives to mineral oils; developers for latent fingerprint visualization on wet, greasy and adhesive surfaces; different gas-generating systems for sickness diagnostics; silver and silver/palladium powders for conducting pasters are consid-ered. The preparative peculiarities of the interphase synthesis and the properties of the nanosized metals and their compounds obtained by this method are discussed. The state (sediment, film, colloidal solution) and the phase of the reaction product's localization (organic, water or inter-face) is shown to depend on such factors as the nature, concentration and ratio of the reagents, reaction temperature, volume of the phases and in-terface area. The properties of the formed metals and their compounds are differ from one's of the corresponding substances precipitated from the homogeneous (aqueous) solutions.