Процесс глобализации и управление предприятием

Abstract

The article reviews one of the most complex current processes — globalization of political, economic, social and cultural relations. Its evolution brings each country to the necessity of the adaptation to the constantly changing pattern of global interaction. The author analyses the globalization essence as an objective process of consolidation of diverse world links and impacts which lies in the increasing growth of global migration of capital, commodities, people, information and, as a result of that, radical increase of separate states' and persons' susceptibility to conditioning and impacts of international environment. The author believes that the reasons for globalization are the following: development of transport, information and telecommunications, liberalization of international economic relations leading to customs elimination and liberation of currency and financial operations, development of business infrastructure and formation of extremely favourable psychological and ideological conditions. On the basis of world literature on the given topic the author studies the determining factors of the given process relevant to certain forms, situations and processes. Financial factors concern the global migration of capital, money and transfer of property; market factors — integration of economic activities as a result of globalization of markets and competition strategies; technological factors — globalization of research, applications, innovations and technologies; cultural factors — convergence of life styles and consumption patterns on the world scale and universalization of thinking and culture; legal and political factors — unification of legal regulation, global management methods and integration of social, economic and political systems into the universal world system; ecological factors — ncreasing threat to the civilization as a result of environment devastation and abuse of resources. The author evaluates the policy of enterprises in modern conditions and the ways of raising their efficiency and competitiveness. She believes that transnational corporations became a response to the qualitative changes in information transfer, the change of role of certain factors of production and the means of adaptation to the liberalization of international economic relations that provides easier distribution of production on the global market. The article considers the possibility of use of the TNC's experience in policy development and management perfection by the national subjects of economy. The author believes that the evolution of the enterprise during globalization goes through the following stages: national growth, increase of export activities and foreign production organization, internationalization and, finally, globalization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the strategy providing efficient operation at every stage with the timely shift to the next one. It is especially important for the last two stages that can be characterized by the issues of high complexity. Global market becomes the aim of ever more subjects of economy, thus giving start to their search of new management and organizational methods.