"Новая" экономика как тенденция развития мирового хозяйства

Abstract

The process of globalization of the world economy at the turn of the 20th century — the beginning of the 21st century is connected with the extensive introduction of new technologies into all spheres of human activity. It has shaped the concept of the New economy phenomenon, developed on the basis of the USA largest transnational companies that manufacture science consuming products. The use of electronic technologies in world economy has led to transformation of the market infrastructure and has formed a new phenomenon known as the Internet economy. Internet gives an opportunity to modernize the traditional economy, it changes the competition mechanism and the scale of the world space. TNCs use electronic business to expand their sales markets, to reform their corporate infrastructure and managerial methods. Young enterprises get access via internet to the world information resources which determines their global transnational strategy and competitiveness on the world market. Simultaneously the integration process of the Old and New economies is taking place. The New economy can be considered from different aspects. Firstly, it is a community of hi-tech companies using internet as a main resource of their activity; secondly, it is web-technologies aimed at creation of new business models leading to shaping of a new market space based on internet, with rapidly developing segments of the world market: internet trade, internet exchange, internet banks. A society that adapts global electronic technologies in its economy has better chances to advance to the leading place in the world economy. In this connection, countries with economy in transition and the Republic of Belarus in particular have new prospects. Three formation models of the information technologies' economy can be applied in the innovation development scenario in these countries. 1) national: manufacture and selling of the web-technologies mainly on the domestic market. 2) India type: offshore programming business. Taiwan, Singapore and Brazil are centres of this business. 3) Israeli-Scandinavian: export of finished information products and especially technologies. The analysis of these models allows to summarize the experience of the country's integration into the hi-tech market and use those elements of every model that are mostly applicable for the current economic situation in Belarus. Today we face the necessity of development of a balanced macroeconomic policy of incentives for the New economy technologies: setting up of technopolises and technoparks, support of an efficient education system, formation of the technical base for the Internet economy development, provision for attracting national and foreign investors in the hi-tech and science consuming products spheres.