Геоэкологическая оценка комфортности климата Минска

Abstract

The executed researches are based on the calculation of private and integrated ecological and climatic indicators of the environment which the degree of comfort for the human community are characterized. There are 4 categories of climatic conditions comfort in the cities of Belarus: comfortable, moderately comfortable, a low-comfortable, discomfortable. Minsk climate comfort evaluation was carried out on the average daily meteorological data (temperature and relative humidity, partial pressure of water vapor, wind speed, atmospheric pressure air, precipitation, total cloud cover and fogs) during 25-year period. The results analysis showed that in Minsk has been a steady upward trend in the number of days with normally equivalent-effective air temperature from 17 to 21 ºC, average temperature in July and January, a slight increase of total cloud cover and amount of stuffy days, the duration of comfortable period of residential buildings use, the integral index of comfort climate increase during 1984–2008. The downward trend is typical for: duration of the cold stress Hill’s index ≥4,5 W/m2·s, the number of cases with contrasting weather changes; the number of days: with from-day-to-day changes in atmospheric pressure ≥9 hPa/day, with a relative humidity ≥80 %, with temperatures ≤ –10 ºC, days with uncomfortable total cloud cover ≥6 points, with wind velocities ≥5 m/s, with precipitation ≥1 mm; climatic atmosphere’s self-cleaning capacity. There were two prevailing categories of climatic conditions during study period: moderately comfortable (48 %) and low-comfortable (40 %). Comfortable climatic conditions observed in 2000, 2002 and 2005. Forecast scenario suggests an increased level of Minsk climate comfort until 2020. The results of studies designed for use in the planning and design of environmental management for sustainable development of Minsk and optimization of its inhabitants living environment.