Международный режим нераспространения ядерного оружия: политические аспекты функционирования

Abstract

The article explores the issues and pecularities of the functioning of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime during the last 30 years of its existence. Flexibility and efficiency of the political regulation instruments are becoming some of the key factors of international stability and security in the conditions of scientific-technical revolution and globalization of world processes. In this context the issues of adapting the nuclear non-proliferation regime to the realities of postconfrontation epoch are becoming extremely relevant. Today the priority objective of the regime lies in counteraction to the horizontal proliferation of the nuclear weapons. The expansion of the 'nuclear club', the transformation of the 'nearly nuclear' states into the nuclear ones threatens not only the world today but it can deprive the world community of the very perspective of getting rid of nuclear weapons. Meanwhile, the regime, which was created during the confrontation of two superpowers and had only applied functions of the second echelon of the maintenance of the global power balance, with the disintegration of the latter faced the necessity of reformation. The non-proliferation regime, which had as its core the guarantees of nuclear superpowers, should now itself guarantee the security to its members and thus to provide its stability in accordance with trends towards the multipolar world. The most promising steps in this direction are the universality of norms and rules of the regime and also elimination of disproportions in rights and obligations of the nuclear and nonnuclear states.