https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29223 Mon, 20 Apr 2026 01:20:52 GMT 2026-04-20T01:20:52Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29298 Заглавие документа: География внешней торговли Республики Беларусь Авторы: Юрик, Валентина Владимировна Аннотация: The article presents for the first time the data of foreign trade statistics according to continents and countries for 1997—2000. The article tables the main foreign trade partners according to countries and the main peculiarities of their geographical structure. The author draws the conclusion about the necessity of rational use of hard currency from the export for the restructuring of production and raising the competitiveness of Belarusian produce. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения" Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29298 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29295 Заглавие документа: Дети-беженцы Авторы: Материалы семинара УВКБ ООН и Европейского совета по делам беженцев Аннотация: The article presents the materials of the seminar "Building Tolerance and Working with Refugee Children in the Classroom" which was held in March 2001 in Minsk. The seminar was organised by the UNHCR Office and the European Council on Refugees and Exiles. The following problems are laid special emphasis on: awareness of cultural differences in communication, peculiarities of communication with children of different age-groups, conversation strategies, contact and trust establishment etc. The article refers to the experience of various experts on work with refugee children. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения" Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29295 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29293 Заглавие документа: План Маршалла во внешней политике США Авторы: Плащинский, Александр Алексеевич Аннотация: The article analyses some aspects of the realization of the European Recovery Programme (ERP) after World War II, which represents a certain period of the U.S. foreign policy and a kind of "monument of the Cold War epoch". The processes of globalization and the increasing influence of economic factors on the modern system of international relations prove the topicality of the issue and of the article itself. The author considers that economic diplomacy will be an integral part of the world policy in the foreseeable future, therefore it is very important to study its origins in order to comprehend fully the above-mentioned trends. Moreover, the Marshall Plan is a clear example of economic diplomacy and its mechanism is being successfully implemented in other economic aid programmes at present. The article also deals with the role and influence of economic factors on the U.S. foreign policy strategy, particularly, on the problem of using the economic levers for the implementing of this strategy. The motives of the U.S. expansion after the end of World War II are also examined. The author focuses on the aims of the Marshall Plan and the major reasons which brought this action into being. The situation on the world arena and the balance of powers in the early post-war years are touched upon with the purpose of explaining the objective factors which created the "crucial moment throughout history for American leadership". The close connection between the Truman doctrine and the Marshall Plan are revealed and it is pointed out that these actions laid a basis for the U.S. foreign strategy in the early post-war years and determined its character, being "the two sides of the coin of the American open-door policy". It is emphasized that the Marshall Plan was a successful strategic step of the United States and the possibility of its implementation was correctly and in due time evaluated by American foreign policy-makers. The author comes to the conclusion, that after World War II the necessary pre-conditions were created for realizing by the United States the "Pax-Americana" concept, taking into consideration the decline of traditional powers (such as Britain, France, Germany in Western Europe and the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe) and the fact that the U.S. itself became the leading power on the world arena by the end of the war. In this respect, the Marshall Plan became a landmark in the realization of this concept as well as the embodiment of the policy of Truman administration. It is noticed that ERP is the integral part of the U.S. strategy for the world leadership. The article sheds light on the connection between the Marshall Plan — "the containment of the communism on the economic level", and the creation of NATO — aimed to resolve this problem on the military and political one. It shaped the major political and military events of the late 40-s and early 50-s. The consequences and influence of the Marshall Plan on the following development of international relations and the reasons it is considered to be "the defining moment of the Cold War" are also examined in this article. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения" Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29293 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29292 Заглавие документа: Польский взгляд на проблемы региональной безопасности: выводы для Республики Беларусь Авторы: Кучинская, Вероника Иосифовна Аннотация: The Cold War over, the regional security problems are becoming very acute. The international system has undergone considerable changes towards its decentralization. This fact was reflected in the so-called "security dilemma", meaning the interaction between security policy steps made by one country and the way other countries perceive such steps. But the development of contemporary international relations in characterized by growing interdependence of actors in international communication. Any particular country cannot cope on its own with the threats which are now of economic, political, social and ecological dimensions. That is why its national security is a function of international relations as a whole. A regional actor can hardly function properly, develop or even exist without regional cooperation. This cooperation could become the ground for overcoming the "security dilemma" because it provides not only a balance of interests but also a balance of values of different participants. Due to historical and psychological reasons Poland is longing for its security to be guaranteed by NATO and the EU. Transferring a part of its national competence to these institutions Poland makes itself a conductor of interests of stronger allies. Restrictions imposed by Brussels on Poland's entering the EU confirm that fact. In case "the Belgian curtain" drops, the Belarusian-Polish border will become not only an interstate division line, but also a line which divides two civilizational areas with different interests and values. This may become the cause of regional instability, which certainly does not lie in Poland's national interests. Eastern Europe is facing the need for the security mechanism to be strengthened. Being an indicator of stability in the region, Belarus will play an essential role in the process of emergence of security environment in Europe. It is essential for Belarus to play a more active part in regional cooperation, so that it might realize and pursue its national interests. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения" Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29292 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z