https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/19873 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 08:35:56 GMT 2026-04-21T08:35:56Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/retrieve/52912/2004.jpg https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/19873 https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/32623 Заглавие документа: Всемирный день беженцев - 2004 Доп. сведения: Раздел "Международные отношения", рубрика "Документы и материалы" Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/32623 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29012 Заглавие документа: Чистый воздух для минчан и гостей столицы Авторы: Шалагин, Л. Д. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения" Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29012 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29006 Заглавие документа: Продовольственная безопасность: методы исследования, пути достижения Авторы: Свирейко, Наталья Евгеньевна Аннотация: The problem of food security has b e e n drawing the attention of the world community since the 1970s when the latter became aware of the lack of world food resources. The t e rm "food security" was internationally spread after the 1972— 1973 "grain crisis". In this case global food security was mainly understood as "preserving stability on food product markets at availability of basic food products for all countries of the world". It was believed that achieving food security at the global level could lead to food security at the level of states. Aggravation of the food problem in the following period made for development of a new approach to this problem according to which reaching food security on the globalscale became possible only after providing it at the level of each country, including the Republic of Belarus. There are different approaches to the definition of "food security". They are based either on the import of food products, as well as on self-sufficiency or on the combination of import and the country's own development of food. Special attention has b e e n paid recently to the right to nutrition supply, i.e. the right to have regular and free access to secure and balanced nutrition in sufficient amounts in peace time and also during wartime. To provide a country's food security today means support of its own production of raw food materials and products, and the reduction of import. In this connection food security is such a condition of the country's economy when stable provision of processing industry with agricultural raw materials and the sufficient volume of secure balanced food products with regard to their income are guaranteed, also providing some independence from the import of raw materials andproducts. The latter means that the import on 9 basic groups of food products should not exceed 3 0% of the volume of their domestic consumption. The author proposes a system of indicators and their critical values covering all components of food security: physical and economic availability of food products and their security. Estimation of the offered figures revealed a n unsatisfactory situation will food security of the Republic of Belarus o n vegetable oil, fish products, sugar, margarine products. The level of consumption of basic food items does not correspond to rational consumption norms. Despite satisfactory calorie content, an average ration of Belarusians is characterized by the imbalance on main products: excessive consumption of fat, lack of and unbalanced proteins of quality (lack of proteins of animal origin). The country's population gets insufficient amount of vitamins and mineral substances. The share of the population's spending o n products purchase remains high (over 50%) proving low living standards of the majority of population and relatively limited economic access to food products. The author believes that one should create an integrated system of control of the processes related to the problem in order to achieve food security of the country. In her opinion, the main conditions for achieving food security are both efficient work of enterprises in the agricultural sphere, processing industry, trade and improvement of general condition of the economy of the Republic of Belarus. The basis for sufficient provision of population by local food products is the growth of population's real income, support of local manufacturers in order to produce food products with increased nutrition value, rationalization of volume and structure of import, development of import substitution production of several production types (especially vegetable oil). Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения" Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29006 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29005 Заглавие документа: Суверенный кредитный рейтинг: сущность и процедура присвоения Авторы: Самодуров, Алексей Александрович Аннотация: According to the experts, the Republic of Belarus requires annual inflow of investments for modernization of production capacities of 2 to 6 billion dollars. World practice shows that the optimum tool for attraction of such significant amounts of investment resources are the international securities (eurobonds). Reception b y the country of a sovereign credit rating from one or several international rating agencies is the important precondition for attracting investments using eurobonds. There are dozens of rating agencies in the world but the most known and recognized are Standard and Poor's (S&P), Moody's Investor's Service and The Fitch-IBCA. These companies carry out evaluation of the financial condition of the issuer in order to define the possibility of assignment of a credit rating. The procedure of assignment of a credit rating on the whole has no essential distinctions at various rating agencies and consists of three integrated stages: preparatory, procedures of exhibiting of a rating and supervision over a rating. Certainly, the preparatory stage is the most complex and long-lasting. At this time the all-round analysis of a n economic and political life of the country is carried out. The basic principle of research is the movement from the general to the particular — a place of the country in world economy, a review of the national economy as a whole, and the economy of separate enterprises. The second stage is characterized by the work o n direct definition of a possible level of the credit rating, its negotiation with the applicant and the subsequent publication in the official press release of the rating agency. In case of the dissatisfaction with an offered level of the rating the applicant can give at the own discretion additional information or refuse the assignment of the rating. The last stage is the monitoring of the level of the credit rating to maintain its conformity with conditions developed at everyone concrete moment. The rating agency, according to the contract, constantly watches the activity of the country, which has received a sovereign rating and can raise or lower its value. The last stage is less intensive on the amount of work and consists of the regular analysis of the information received from various sources about the activity of the object of the analysis. This work results in the officially published opinion of the rating agency on the possibility in the foreseeable future to change the sovereign credit rating in any direction. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения" Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29005 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z