https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/30369 2026-04-20T08:10:23Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/30440 Заглавие документа: Беларусь, Россия и Новая Европа Авторы: Розанов, Анатолий Аркадьевич Аннотация: The intemationa] image of Belarus is inseparably connected to the Russian factor. Belarus sees its future as very closely tied to that of Russia According to the Belarusian authorities, Europe will enter the 21st century as a peaceful and stable continent only if its security system meets the following criteria. First, it should be able to withstand effectively both old and new threats to security, first of all such threats as regional conflicts, terrorism, organised crime etc. Second, the system of European security should be indivisible and take into account the interests of all states of the continent. All European countries should have equal rights in making decisions concerning the future of the continent not only de jure but also de facto. Third, it is necessary to choose a security model which would unite nations and not create a threat of new divisions of the European continent. The OSCE could become a basis of a system which would meet the above mentioned criteria. In this perspective, within the framework of the OSCE already existing institutions including NATO could have an adequate place. Belarus is opposed to efforts to make NATO a cornerstone of a new European security architecture. The Belarusian leadership believes that the OSCE could take the role of a co-ordinator of European and transatlantic institutions in securing peace and stability in Europe. Belarus seeks to be engaged in a constructive dialogue with NATO and to deepen co-operation in the framework of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council which will become an important instrument of strengthening confidence and prevention of crises in Europe. Belarus indicated its desire to be more actively involved in the Partnership for Peace and it has already taken steps to this end. Belarus considers that the enlargement of the Atlantic Alliance should be accompanied by its internal transformation from the military-political to the political-military dimension and that the countries whose interests the enlargement of the organisation affects to the greatest extent should get involved in a dialogue with NATO on abroader scale. Belarus regards the signing of the Founding Act between Russia and NATO as a first goodwill step towards the creation of a new European security architecture. Belarus is going to work to ensure that its interests are in a similar way taken into consideration in the context of NATO enlargement. The Belarus' government has proposed to use the dual track approach of developing practical co-operation with NATO and holding simultaneous and parallel talks on the elaboration of an agreement on relations of partnership and co-operation between Belarus and NATO. It is sometimes said that the enhanced co-operation between Belarus and Russia has been prompted by NATO's plans for eastward expansion. But a Russia-Belarus union has been discussed by political leaders of both countries for several years now, preceding any Western plans for expanding NATO eastwards. Belarus claims that its movement toward a closer integration with Russia is its regional contribution to the Euro-Atlantic security. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения" 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/30435 Заглавие документа: Эвалюцыя грамадскага ладу і міжнароднай палітыкі сучаснай Польшчы Авторы: Часноўскі, Мечыслаў Эдвардавіч Аннотация: Large-scale changes are underway in the country which is barely over with being socialist and bearing the name of the Polish People's Republic: a transformation of the old economic and social system is progressing and new international goals are being outlined. Poland was the first among the countries of the former socialist camp to take this path. The socialpolitical locomotive of this process was the legendary all-Polish trade-union 'Solidarity', it was its leaders who took the risk of carrying out the "shock therapy" policy which turned out to be the most radical one in the post-socialist countries. The reform didn't run smooth. The reformers pushed the solution of social problems to the background and lost the confidence of the people. The parliament elections of 1993 brought to power their recent opponents- communists who seemed to have been crushed. The main stronghold of the 'Solidarity' fell in 1995 — Lech Walesa gave up the President's place to the Social-Democrat AJexandr Kwasnewsky. But the mosl recent elections (1.997) gave a sweeping success to the right-wing 'Solidarity' again. The reasons for the shifts in the political sympathies in Poland remain in the social and economic spheres. The big state plants are still in crisis, with up to 50% of all workforce in the country employed there, the systemic restructuring has manifested its positive results there least of all. The crucial question for the present ruling elite is paying the voters' bill of credit. For the policy of regulated limitation of social rights has been traditional for the right-wing forces. Poland may be expected to encounter new surprises at the next elections, caused by the failure to meet the workers' expectations. The daring and difficult stage of general civic, social, economic and political reformation culminated in adopting the Constitution of the Republic of Poland in 1997. The new fundamental iaw confirmed the transition from totalitarianism to democracy as it was dictated by the spirit of the epoch. Poland seeks comprehensive economic cooperation and integration with the West, regarding this path as a guarantee of swift economic reforms and overcoming the barriers in development. Integration into the European Union ranks first. It has been spontaneously going on from the beginning of the 90s. In December 1997 the country got the approval for tile next stage of the integration - the negotiations for joining the Community. Three important objectives should secure a high position of Poland in European and world economy: technological and structural modernization, discharching the debts and joining the EU. The implementation of this policy should take the period till 2010. The foreign policy of Poland turned in the 90s from the East towards the West. The priority is joining the European collective security structures NATO and West European Union. There is an opinion that took shape in Polish society that this course is going to ensure the inclusion of the country into the European security system as a full-fledged partner but not as a liege. Another foreign policy priority of Poland is friendly relation with neighbours. Its legal realization has already secured the conclusion of treaties on cooperation with neighbours; though all of them are new environment for Poland. Real friendly reiations take time to shape, especially regarding Russia. The revival of neo-imperial Russian policy can not be discounted which might threaten the sovereignty of Poland. The third priority of Polish foreign policy is an active part in all-European affairs complemented by real influence along the regional and Baltic axes. If could be hindered by the German-Russian rapprochement which already took place in history. That is why Polish concept is based on the admission of the rapprochement of Russia and the Federal Republic of Germany only in the degree which is commensurate with the strengthening of the European positions of the Polish State. Polish diplomacy considers as the indisputable achievements of the recent years in foreign policy the recognition of the western border of Poland by the government of the reunited Germany and the peaceful withdrawal of Soviet (Russian) troops from its territory and it hopes that the admission of the Repubfic of Poland to NATO will be the third success. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международное право" 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/30430 Заглавие документа: Конвенция 1951 года о статусе беженцев Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международное право", рубрика - "Документы и материалы" 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/30429 Заглавие документа: Соглашение о помощи беженцам и вынужденным переселенцам Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международное право", рубрика - "Документы и материалы" 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z