https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29024 2026-04-20T09:37:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29185 Заглавие документа: Эволюция взаимоотношений южнокорейских торгово-промышленных конгломератов с правительством Авторы: Кюн Сук, Гил Аннотация: A unique characteristic of Korean modern economy is trade and industrial groups (TIGs) testifying to a high level of industrial monopolization. Chebols are multibranch conglomerations of industrial companies with specialized trade companies providing sales strategies. In contrast to financial and industrial groups, chebols do not include banks and other financial and credit institutions. As for their relations with the government, it is chebols in the first place which hold the responsibility to realize macro- and foreign economic policy of the state, to be more precise — the plans of economic development. Another specific feature is that Korean TIGs are based on family capital. Therefore it is not surprising that Korean researchers characterize chebols as "groups of formally independent companies in certain families' ownership and under single administrative and financial control". The relations between the government and chebols can be characterized as partnership. In the 1960s the government gave substantial subsidies to chebols contributing to their monopolistic concentration. In the 1970s the state gave massive support, orienting them to accelerated development in heavy and chemical industries. In the 1980s it directed their business activity to rapid widening of export potential and expansion to the international sales market. During this period private exporters got access to large credit resources at low rates. This opportunity increased their possibility to buy foreign equipment and other resources for export production and to reduce business risks and uncertainty in their commercial activity. As a result of the state support chebols started to play the key role in the industrial development and to dominate in the national economy of South Korea. Chebols growth happened greatly due to the realization of the state programmes of import substitution and large-scale construction and to the cost benefits system with state support: chebols got nearly 75 % of bank loans to the private sector in late 1970s—early 1980s. The middle of the 1990s revealed large creditor indebtedness and low profitability of many investment projects. In 1996 twenty of 30 biggest chebols had a rate of profit to the invested capital lower than cost of capital. As a result, in the end of the 1990s the government and the IMF developed a programme of corporate and financial business restructuring. The IMF rendered urgent financial aid to South Korean economy and the governmental commission on business rehabilitation in 1998—2000 implemented the given state programme. The role of the biggest chebols in South Korean economy remains dominant. Therefore the government of the new president Kim Dae-jung pursues astringent policy aimed at the restriction of economic power and concentration of capital of conglomerates. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения" 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29183 Заглавие документа: Стратегические направления развития транспорта Союзного государства Авторы: Кучевский, Никита Гордеевич Аннотация: Integration of transport of Russia and Belarus into a single transport system is one of the main targets in creation of a single Union State. The transport system of the Union State must provide efficiency growth of current production potential, its modernization and reconstruction, competitiveness on the world and European markets of transportation services; it should also contribute to the solution of social and economic issues of Belarus and Russia. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения" 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29181 Заглавие документа: Интернет-технологии в международной торговле Республики Беларусь и подходы к оценке эффективности их применения Авторы: Шебеко, Сергей Николаевич Аннотация: The article explores the issues of the efficient use of the Internet technologies in international trade by the Republic of Belarus and reviews the current world E-Commerce. The author describes the main advantages of the world e-commerce compared with the traditional one, gives a mathematical instrument for measuring the introduction efficiency of the Internet technologies on the basis of the web server in the international trade of the Republic of Belarus. The article also explains the reasons for Belarus falling behind in the introduction of virtual technologies and systems into its international trade. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения" 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29179 Заглавие документа: Перспективы развития мирового рынка высоких технологий Авторы: Белорусов, Анатолий Сергеевич; Вовченко, Всеволод Владимирович Аннотация: Development of new technologies will determine the future economic progress. It is the innovations that are the main constituent of the production efficiency growth, therefore they can usher in a new era in the economic development of any country. The study of the relevant literature resources showed gaps in the exploration of this problem despite its relevance. In this connection, the article aims to research the basic trends in high technologies world market development. A number of important aspects are pointed out in the basic trends of the above-mentioned development. Information technologies play a key role in the high tech sphere. Progress in the area of the information technologies creates the products that allow to get the most prompt and complete information on any subject. Today one should be able to orient oneself in the flow of incoming information and pick out the most important data for maintaining one's personal professional competitiveness. The establishment and improvement of technopark and technopolis systems is an important factor in the development of high tech sector in world economy. Special foundations are required to finance scientific technical projects, creation of consulting structures that give assistance to the innovation companies in finding and dealing with foreign partners. The databases on new projects could also assist sellers and customers in making connection. Authors believe that further worldwide improvement of the educational system is laying down the basis for the innovation sphere development. Today the concept of continuing education and retraining of labour force is becoming popular. Authors outline three most prominent centres of high technologies (the USA, Japan, Western Europe) that have emerged and mainly compete in the high tech sphere thus stimulating the economic progress. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения" 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z