https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/2345 2026-04-21T08:17:38Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/305196 Заглавие документа: Актуальные проблемы современного белорусского общества 2017–2020 гг.: социологический аспект / Д. Г. Ротман [и др.] ; под общ. ред. Д. М. Булынко, Д. Г. Ротмана, В. В. Правдивца Авторы: Ротман, Д. Г.; Данилов, А. Н.; Правдивец, В. В.; Ананьев, В. Л.; Бельский, А. М.; Колобутина, А. Р.; Булынко, Д. М.; Воднева, А. К.; Морозова, С. А.; Посталовский, А. В.; Соглаева, Л. А.; Филинская, Л. В. Аннотация: Коллективная монография подготовлена научными сотрудниками Центра социологических и политических исследований БГУ. Представлены результаты социологических исследований, проведенных авторами в 2017–2020 гг. Дано систематизированное представление о сущности, специфике и динамике основных трансформационных процессов в белорусском обществе в контексте мировых социальных изменений и о возможных альтернативах развития нашей страны. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/289540 Заглавие документа: Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS vertical profile retrieval algorithms: Studies on field data from the CINDI-2 campaign Авторы: Bruchkouski, Ilya; Collaboration Аннотация: The second Cabauw Intercomparison of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) took place in Cabauw (the Netherlands) in September 2016 with the aim of assessing the consistency of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of tropospheric species (NO2, HCHO, O3, HONO, CHOCHO and O4). This was achieved through the coordinated operation of 36 spectrometers operated by 24 groups from all over the world, together with a wide range of supporting reference observations (in situ analysers, balloon sondes, lidars, longpath DOAS, direct-sun DOAS, Sun photometer and meteorological instruments). In the presented study, the retrieved CINDI-2 MAXDOAS trace gas (NO2, HCHO) and aerosol vertical profiles of 15 participating groups using different inversion algorithms are compared and validated against the colocated supporting observations, with the focus on aerosol optical thicknesses (AOTs), trace gas vertical column densities (VCDs) and trace gas surface concentrations. The algorithms are based on three different techniques: six use the optimal estimation method, two use a parameterized approach and one algorithm relies on simplified radiative transport assumptions and analytical calculations. To assess the agreement among the inversion algorithms independent of inconsistencies in the trace gas slant column density acquisition, participants applied their inversion to a common set of slant columns. Further, important settings like the retrieval grid, profiles of O3, temperature and pressure as well as aerosol optical properties and a priori assumptions (for optimal estimation algorithms) have been prescribed to reduce possible sources of discrepancies. The profiling results were found to be in good qualitative agreement: most participants obtained the same features in the retrieved vertical trace gas and aerosol distributions; however, these are sometimes at different altitudes and of different magnitudes. Under clear-sky conditions, the root-meansquare differences (RMSDs) among the results of individual participants are in the range of 0.01-0.1 for AOTs, (1.5- 15)×1014 molec.cm-2 for trace gas (NO2, HCHO) VCDs and (0.3-8/×1010 molec.cm-3 for trace gas surface concentrations. These values compare to approximate average optical thicknesses of 0.3, trace gas vertical columns of 90×1014 molec.cm-2 and trace gas surface concentrations of 11×1010 molec.cm-3 observed over the campaign period. The discrepancies originate from differences in the applied techniques, the exact implementation of the algorithms and the user-defined settings that were not prescribed. For the comparison against supporting observations, the RMSDs increase to a range of 0.02-0.2 against AOTs from the Sun photometer, (11-55/×1014 molec.cm-2 against trace gas VCDs from direct-sun DOAS observations and (0.8-9/×1010 molec.cm-3 against surface concentrations from the long-path DOAS instrument. This increase in RMSDs is most likely caused by uncertainties in the supporting data, spatiotemporal mismatch among the observations and simplified assumptions particularly on aerosol optical properties made for the MAX-DOAS retrieval. As a side investigation, the comparison was repeated with the participants retrieving profiles from their own differential slant column densities (dSCDs) acquired during the campaign. In this case, the consistency among the participants degrades by about 30% for AOTs, by 180% (40%) for HCHO (NO2) VCDs and by 90% (20%) for HCHO (NO2) surface concentrations. In former publications and also during this comparison study, it was found that MAX-DOAS vertically integrated aerosol extinction coefficient profiles systematically underestimate the AOT observed by the Sun photometer. For the first time, it is quantitatively shown that for optimal estimation algorithms this can be largely explained and compensated by considering biases arising from the reduced sensitivity of MAX-DOAS observations to higher altitudes and associated a priori assumptions. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/289067 Заглавие документа: Evaluating different methods for elevation calibration of MAX-DOAS (Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) instruments during the CINDI-2 campaign Авторы: Donner, Sebastian; Kuhn, Jonas; Van Roozendael, Michel; Bais, Alkiviadis; Beirle, Steffen; Bösch, Tim; Bognar, Kristof; Bruchkouski, Ilya; Lok Chan, Ka; Dörner, Steffen; Drosoglou, Theano; Fayt, Caroline; Frieß, Udo; Hendrick, François; Hermans, Christian; Jin, Junli; Li, Ang; Ma, Jianzhong; Peters, Enno; Pinardi, Gaia; Richter, Andreas; Schreier, Stefan F.; Seyler, André; Strong, Kimberly; Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas; Wang, Yang; Xie, Pinhua; Xu, Jin; Zhao, Xiaoyi; Wagner, Thomas Аннотация: We present different methods for in-field elevation calibration of MAX-DOAS (Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) instruments that were applied and inter-compared during the second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2). One necessary prerequisite of consistent MAXDOAS retrievals is a precise and accurate calibration of the elevation angles of the different measuring systems. Therefore, different methods for this calibration were applied to several instruments during the campaign, and the results were inter-compared. This work first introduces and explains the different methods, namely far-and near-lamp measurements, white-stripe scans, horizon scans and sun scans, using data and results for only one (mainly the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry) instrument. In the second part, the far-lamp measurements and the horizon scans are examined for all participating groups. Here, the results for both methods are first inter-compared for the different instruments; secondly, the two methods are compared amongst each other. All methods turned out to be well-suited for the calibration of the elevation angles of MAX-DOAS systems, with each of them having individual advantages and drawbacks. Considering the results of this study, the systematic uncertainties of the methods can be estimated as ± 0:05° for the far-lamp measurements and the sun scans, ±0:25° for the horizon scans, and around ±0:1° for the white-stripe and near-lamp measurements. When comparing the results of far-lamp and horizon-scan measurements, a spread of around 0.9° in the elevation calibrations is found between the participating instruments for both methods. This spread is of the order of a typical field of view (FOV) of a MAX-DOAS instrument and therefore affecting the retrieval results. Further, consistent (wavelength dependent) offsets of 0.32° and 0.40° between far-lamp measurements and horizon scans are found, which can be explained by the fact that, despite the flat topography around the measurement site, obstacles such as trees might mark the visible horizon during daytime. The observed wavelength dependence can be explained by surface albedo effects. Lastly, the results are discussed and recommendations for future campaigns are given. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/288761 Заглавие документа: Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) climatic contribution to winter temperature in Belarus: Case of SSW 2017/2018 Авторы: Schlender, T.V.; Zhuchkevich, V.V.; Krasouski, A.N.; Umreika, S.D. Аннотация: The influence of stratospheric processes on the troposphere is defined by a multifactorial mechanism containing various geophysical and photochemical processes. This interaction determines the weather and climate of a particular region of the Earth. The number of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) over Eurasia has doubled over the past 20 years if compared with the second half of the 20th century. As a result, one had an increase in dangerous weather phenomena associated with those stratospheric-tropospheric interactions. In this regard, there is a certain need for an early forecast of such dangerous weather phenomena and their study within the framework of the climate of a given region. The paper presents a possible mechanism of the interaction of the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere layers (the so-called "ozone mechanism"). Due to its orographical and geographical position, the northern region of the East European Plain is characterized by accumulation of total ozone (TO) over this territory and formation of sharp and severe colds during SSW. The conclusion is made about the key contribution of the "ozone mechanism"to the development of SSW in 2018, which has become the largest in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 20 years. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z