https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29225 2026-04-20T23:02:02Z 2026-04-20T23:02:02Z Септилко, Юрий Иванович https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29327 2016-05-24T12:31:53Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Заглавие документа: Перспективы развития международных перевозок на постсоветском пространстве Авторы: Септилко, Юрий Иванович Аннотация: The economic recession in the countries of the former USSR since the early 90s caused reduction in the volume of international transportation. At the same time, the economic recession and disintegration of the cooperative relations was concurrent with the liberalization of international relations, privatization of transport companies, reorientation of transport economic connections and redistribution of international market of transportation services. International transportation has become a stabilizing factor for economies in transition on the post-soviet territory. Poland, Ukraine and the Baltic States aim to implement a number of projects of transport corridors development with the funds provided by international financial organizations. The orientation of these states at joining the EU determined the approach, according to which the decisive factor for development of international transportation lies in strengthening of their positions within the European transportation system, and this requires bringing the national infrastructure into accordance with the international technical standards and uniformity of the appropriate economic and legislative norms for integration into the European network. The favourable geographical position of Belarus on the crossroads of the North-South and East-West trade routes contributes to its development as a transit state. In recent years Belarusian international carriers have achieved significant success. The necessary condition from the increase of transit and export/import transportation is the perfection of the technical level of infrastructure of transport international corridors passing through the territory of the country. The solution of thisproblem requires significant investment volume. The country lacks domestic investment and cannot count on foreign investors. Nevertheless, the country finds the necessary capital proceeding from the present situation, the government is developing programmes and investment projects, the necessary organizational technical actions also take place. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения"

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Моргун, Юрий Федорович https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29326 2016-04-20T06:59:21Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Заглавие документа: Беженцы - глобальная проблема XXI века Авторы: Моргун, Юрий Федорович Аннотация: The article is dedicated to the World Refugee Day established for the first time to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the Republic of Belarus joining the Convention in May 2000. The article briefly elucidates and analyzes one of the global problems facing mankind in the XXI century — the problem of refugees. A brief account of main episodes on the history of refugees in presented from ancient times till our days. The international community is shown to realize after World War II the necessity of adoption of concerted effort directed at the solution of the refugee problem and to take such measures. It was the League of Nations that lay down the foundation of "the edifice" of international protection for refugees. The famous Norwegian explorer of the Pole Fridtjof Nansen was appointed by the League to be its first High Commissioner on Refugees. Displaying marvels of organisation and humanity, Nansen managed to achieve outstanding success in international protection of refugees under incredibly hard conditions. His work was crowned by the Nobel Peace Prize. Nansen exerted exceptional influence on subsequent international efforts in protecting refugees' interests. After Nansen's death in 1930 his work was carried on by Nansen International Office. The League of Nations adopted and confirmed by a number of international agreements a model for international actions to protect refugees. After World War II international efforts to protect refugees were implemented through the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency (UNRRA, 1943—1947) and the International Refugee Organisation (IRO, 1947—1952). By the early 50s the international community was beginning to realize that the refugee problem was not merely a temporary post-war issue. "The Cold War", ever new crises and wars engendered new flows of refugees. The necessity of establishing a strong, permanent, all-purpose International Agency on refugees was becoming increasingly evident. After lengthy and sharp consultations and discussions in December 1949 the UN General Assembly adopted the resolution to establish the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The article gives a brief presentation of international legal foundations of the UNHCR's activity — the Statute, the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees and throws light on the genuinely titanic humanitarian ctivity of the UNHCR over five decades of refugee work. During this time it has given real help to over 50 million refugees and other people in refugee-like situations. The UNHCR staff members actively operated practically in all crisis areas of the planet in the most dangerous situations and during the most acute crises connected with mass displacement of refugees. Many of them died, some were lost without trace while performing their duty. The UNHCR was twice honored with the Nobel Peace Prize for its long distinguished and successful service in protection of some of the most deprived people on earth — refugees. The article concludes with the quotation of the words of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees Mr. Ruud Lubbers: "Perhaps the biggest challenge of all is to get serious about tackling the root causes of refugee crises and finding durable solutions for them... But if we want to reduce the number of refugees worldwide, we have to address the problems that drive them into exile in the first place". Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения"

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Малевич, Юлианна Игоревна https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29325 2016-06-02T11:22:03Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Заглавие документа: Проблемы общности прав человека в мировой политике Авторы: Малевич, Юлианна Игоревна Аннотация: The article touches upon the problems of achieving international consensus on human rights. For the first time in Belarusian literature the term of "an overlapping consensus" on rights is introduced and discussed. The article goes on to treat in detail the problem of achieving the given consensus by every traditional culture: Christianity (the Atlantist civilization), Islam, Confucianism and Buddhism (the Pacific Rim civilization). Each of them has its own philosophy in the realm of human rights. The article pays significant attention to the discussion of the issue whether legal culture can replace a general civilizational value in the concept of human rights. The article also discusses the features of alternative approaches to human rights protection in the effort to achieve an overlapping consensus on rights. The author concludes with the opinion, that to achieve an overlapping consensus on rights all positive aspects of cultural, philosophical and civilizational norms existing in the East and in the West have to be taken into consideration. Besides, important differences between civilizations ought to be bridged over through lengthy and thorough negotiation process. This failing to take place, the result will be absolute rejection of values of various cultures, philosophies and religions. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения"

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Басик, Владимир Петрович https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/29324 2016-06-01T12:33:06Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Заглавие документа: Политика Беларуси в отношении соотечественников за рубежом Авторы: Басик, Владимир Петрович Аннотация: The notions "diaspora" and "ethnic minority" partly coincide. The minority rights are guaranteed by major international instruments. However, every state is interested in cooperation with its national diaspora. In the early nineties the Republic of Belarus displayed its readiness to promote and protect the foreign compatriots' interests within the framework of the international law standards, having adopted the state programme "The Belarusians in the World" and having signed bilateral treaties. The paper points out the importance of cooperation with other states aimed at the protection of compatriots abroad. Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения"

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z