ЭБ Раздел: International relationsInternational relationshttps://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/1808862026-04-21T03:49:43Z2026-04-21T03:49:43ZChina as an emerging rule-maker in multilateral intellectual property cooperationHuang Zeyanhttps://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/3452262026-04-16T03:53:44Z2025-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: China as an emerging rule-maker in multilateral intellectual property cooperation
Авторы: Huang Zeyan
Аннотация: This article explores China’s evolving role in multilateral cooperation on international intellectual property. It traces China’s transformation from a rule-taker to a rule-maker, examining the historical developments, driving forces, practical actions, challenges, and future outlook. The international intellectual property system, a central element of global economic governance, is undergoing significant change. At the same time, China, now the world’s second-largest economy, is redefining its position in ways that reflect its domestic development, advances in the rule of law, and broader shifts in inter national power structures towards multipolarity. Through historical analysis and case studies, the article assesses the impact of this evolution on global intellectual property governance and offers recommendations for future development.2025-01-01T00:00:00ZFrom European tradition to Latin American reality: toward establishing the role of Advocate General in the Court of Justice of the Andean CommunityKühn, W. M.https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/3450182026-04-08T03:55:22Z2025-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: From European tradition to Latin American reality: toward establishing the role of Advocate General in the Court of Justice of the Andean Community
Авторы: Kühn, W. M.
Аннотация: This article examines the office of the Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union and evaluates the case for its incorporation into the Court of Justice of the Andean Community. Using comparative analysis, it delineates the functions, contributions, and institutional guarantees that define the Advocate General in the European context, highlighting its role in ensuring jurisprudential coherence, the development of law, and the legitimacy of supranational adjudication. The article further analyses the historical, political, and budgetary reasons for the absence of this office in the Andean system, including national sovereignty concerns, the economic-commercial emphasis of integration, and the Andean Community’s financial constraints. Drawing on the existing Andean legal framework, it identifies the normative and procedural mechanisms required to introduce an Advocate General within the Court of Justice of the Andean Community. The article argues that
such adoption would strengthen homogeneity, the unity of the legal order, and the transparency of decision-making. Finally, it contends that this reform would enhance judicial dialogue between the Court of Justice of the Andean Community, Court of Justice of the European Union and other international courts, thereby consolidating member state and legal practitioner confidence in the regional integration system.2025-01-01T00:00:00ZA hidden function of US secondary sanctions: blocking the right to developmentStrauss, M. J.https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/3450132026-04-08T03:54:58Z2025-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: A hidden function of US secondary sanctions: blocking the right to development
Авторы: Strauss, M. J.
Аннотация: This article strengthens existing arguments that US secondary sanctions violate international law. It proposes
that they constitute a restrictive business practice that obstructs the right to development. Such sanctions penalise trade and competition that economists consider essential for development. By deterring foreign companies from doing business with states or major economic actors targeted by US primary sanctions, secondary sanctions effectively reserve the target’s market for US companies once sanctions are lifted. Secondary sanctions, operating internationally, meet the definition of restrictive business practices that the UN Conference on trade and development has sought to curtail domestically. It may therefore offer a mechanism for challenging them on such grounds.2025-01-01T00:00:00ZTransnational security: concept, system, and responses to contemporary challenges and threatsМеrkushin, V. V.https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/3449982026-04-08T03:56:51Z2025-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: Transnational security: concept, system, and responses to contemporary challenges and threats
Авторы: Меrkushin, V. V.
Аннотация: From the standpoint of contemporary international law, this article examines the formation of a new collective
security framework – transnational security. It addresses the concept and characteristics of transnational security, its relation ship to collective and national security, and the institutional aspects of its mechanisms. The study of transnational security offers a more integrated and up-to-date perspective on international security as a whole. Transnational security addresses challenges and threats beyond exclusive national jurisdiction that are not adequately addressed by the existing collective security arrangements envisaged in Chapter VIII of the UN Charter. Transnational security emerges from international legal cooperation targeting cross-border organised crime and associated threats, including terrorism, cybercrime, armed conflict, illicit economies, emergencies, corruption, and unlawful activities by non-state actors.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z