ЭБ Коллекция:https://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/303732024-03-28T11:49:34Z2024-03-28T11:49:34ZДолголетие компанииКлимович, Людмила Александровнаhttps://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/304772016-05-11T10:09:42Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: Долголетие компании
Авторы: Климович, Людмила Александровна
Аннотация: The article "Company Longevity" considers basic factors which provide the long-standing success of companies on the market. The characteristic features of the firms which have overstepped a centennial border are: a large size, constant changes of competition strategies, quick adaptation to the altering business environment, decisive policy in the sales
market, humanization of the company administration system. A company needs some time to achieve the high level of production, it often has to pass through a set of reorganization measures and shifts in competition strategies which provide the long-standing success on the market. There are at least four main types of strategies of companies: commutant, explorant, patient and violent.
The commutant strategy presupposes maximum flexible satisfaction of local market needs and needs of the concrete client. Small firms which keep to these strategies as a rule do not have the up-to-date technologies. However, it does not
prevent them from forming their market niche.
The explorant strategy is aimed at the radical innovations and establishment of new markets.
The patient strategy presupposes the production of a limited quantity of very specialized items of high quality of limited demand. This helps firms to avoid direct competition with leading corporations in the industry and to reserve stable position on the market of a certain product for a long time.
The violent strategy counts on reducing the production costs at the expense of mass output of rather cheap and goodquality
goods; this allows to retain vast sales markets for a long time. There are three main varieties of firms-violents; they operate in the sphere of large, standard production of goods and services deriving their benefits from the saving on the production volume, large-scale scientific research and developed sales network. A gradual shift of these strategies allows
a firm to develop its size from a small patient firm to the largest violent one. The experience of long-standing companies proves that the firms which invest resources in large mass production have the biggest chances to remain on the market.The most important condition of the longevity of a large company lies in the use of efficient sales strategies. The use of module design by "Hewlett-Packard" proves the necessity of combination of standard and differentiated approaches in communication policy.
Besides, large companies have need in organization of an efficient administration structure. A solution of this problem
is connected with humanization of the whole management system, i. e. with attention towards individual members of staff, promotion of efficient and motivated managers from the corporation staff, combination of loyalty to traditions and innovations.
The complex use of all factors of successful development of the company allows it to retain stable positions on the market for a long time and to provide its longevity.
Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения"1998-01-01T00:00:00ZМодели открытой экономикиПетровская, Людмила МихайловнаШипук, Павел Владимировичhttps://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/304752016-05-31T10:16:11Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: Модели открытой экономики
Авторы: Петровская, Людмила Михайловна; Шипук, Павел Владимирович
Аннотация: The article "Open Economy Models" discusses one of the most topical issues in particular, the open economy models and the development of the stabilization policy on their basis. It shows the significance of the issues under consideration for the states of Eastern Europe and the CIS republics. The latter have opened their economies which requires the realization of the stabilization policy that depends on the level of the states' pre-reform development, the scale of economic reforms and their consistency.
The article above analyzes the open economy according to the three blocs, representing the capital inflows and outflow, export and import of goods and services and currency circulation. The models of the open economy are studied in their intercorrelation. The article shows the real reflection of existing reality in the relations among the states on macroeconomic level and internal economic policy which is manifested in the rapid growth rate, the absence of inflation and unemployment and levelling of the balance of payments. The open economy can be seen through the interconnection of national markets with the world ones which is expressed in interrelation of markets of goods and services, capital and currencies. The categorial structure of the models of the open economy is elaborated according to them, which is considered
to be the scientific innovation of the article.
Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные экономические отношения"1998-01-01T00:00:00ZРегионально-международный аспект Курдской проблемыКава, Дибоhttps://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/304732016-05-18T11:57:28Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: Регионально-международный аспект Курдской проблемы
Авторы: Кава, Дибо
Аннотация: The Kurdish problem remains one of the most complicated ones in the Middle East since it simultaneously involves four countries of the region: Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria.
Kurds, whose number runs to 30 mln people, comprise the most numerous people on earth, which has no state of its own.
The Kurdish people's fate is tragic. For over a hundred years and even now, 30 mln people have lived in different countries, where they are traditionally discriminated and persecuted, suffering even genocide. They experience the pressure
of the deliberate policy of suppressing national self-identification and are not likely to get an opportunity of selfdetermination as a sovereign state in the near future.
Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения"1998-01-01T00:00:00ZПолитическая ситуация на КВЖД после крушения Российской империиАблова, Надежда Евгеньевнаhttps://elib.bsu.by:443/handle/123456789/304722016-05-17T10:03:19Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZЗаглавие документа: Политическая ситуация на КВЖД после крушения Российской империи
Авторы: Аблова, Надежда Евгеньевна
Аннотация: The article "The Political Situation on the Chinese Eastern Railway after the Collapse of the Russian Empire" presents a historical survey of the events of political life of the Russian colony in Manchuria after the revolutions of 1917.
As soon as the news about the collapse of the monarchy reached Harbin on the 4t h—17t h of March 1917, the organization of the Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies Soviets started. A Committee of public organizations acting on behalf of the
Provisional Government was set up as well. So a sort it 'triumvirate' emerged in the alienation zone of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER): it was governed simultaneously by General D. L. Khorvat, the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies and the Committee of public organizations.
On December 12, 1917 the Harbin Soviet declared itself to be the sole agent of state power. General Khorvat called upon Chinese troops, with whose help the attempt to establish Soviet power on the Chinese Eastern Railway was foiled. In April 1918 a meeting was convened in Peking to discuss the situation on the CER with the participation of Chinese officials and Russian representatives (Russian envoy N. A. Kudashev, D. L. Khorvat, A. V. Kolchak, A. I. Putilov).
A decision was arrived at to form armed units to fight the Red Army. But the implementation of this decision failed: the atamans of the Cossack troops G. I. Semenov and I. P. Kalmykov did not want to subordinate to Admiral A. V. Kolchack.
As fate would have it, there were at once several pretenders to the role of the Saviour of Russia in Harbin at that time —
Admiral A. V. Kolchack, ataman G. M. Semyonov, General D. L. Khorvat and others, less important public figures (P. V. Vologodsky, P. Ya. Derber). On July 9, 1918 D. L. Khorvat proclaimed himself the Provisional Supreme Ruler of Russia. True, already in October he transferred his 'power' to P. V Vologodsky (the Provisional Siberian Government).
After A. V. Kolchack also proclaimed himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia on November 18, 1918, Khorvat came to represent the Omsk government. As a result of mass strikes of workers and staff of the CER which lasted from the summer of 1919 to the middle of March of 1920. D. L. Khorvat lost whatever power he had at the CER as well: he had to resign as the chairman of the board. Since that time Chinese authorities started to lay their hands on CER. On October 2, 1920 the
Transport Minister of China signed an agreement with the Russian-Asian Bank according to which Peking assumed the
top control over the Railway, pending the future agreement with a stable Russian government. On September 23, 1920 the
President of the Republic of China issued a decree according to which the subjects of the former Russian Empire resident in Manchuria were deprived of the right of exterritoriality. At the same time a Special District of Eastern Provinces was formed which included the CER alienation zone. But the attempts of Peking and Mukden to take the opportunity of the Civil War in Russia and to take the CER under their command encountered serious opposition: the interests of world powers (the USA, Japan, Britain, France etc.) came into collision with Chinese interests over the Railway.
Доп. сведения: Раздел - "Международные отношения"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z